Expressions: Arrays #

Tuples #

Tuples are a way to group multiple values into a single value. They are useful for returning multiple values of different types from a function, or for passing multiple values to a function.

Creating #

Tuples are created by putting a comma-separated list of expressions in parentheses.

$a = (1, 2, 3);

Accessing #

Tuples can be accessed using the [] operator, with the index of the value to access.

$a = (1, 2, 3);
$b = $a[0]; // 1

Destructuring #

Tuples can be destructured into multiple variables using by assigning them to a tuple.

$a = (1, 2, 3);

($b, $c, $d) = $a;

Updating #

Tuples are immutable, so they cannot be updated. Instead, a new tuple must be created.

$a = (1, 2, 3);
$b = ($a[0], $a[1], 4);

Checking if a value exists #

To check if a value exists in a tuple, use the in expression.

$a = (1, 2, 3);

if 1 in $a {
    // 1 exists in $a
}

Checking if an index exists #

Checking if an index exists in a tuple is not possible, as the length of a tuple is fixed.

Iterating #

Tuples can be iterated over using the foreach statement.

$a = (1, 2, 3);

foreach $a as $value {
    // $value is 1, then 2, then 3
}

foreach $a as $index => $value {
    // $index is 0, then 1, then 2
    // $value is 1, then 2, then 3
}

Vectors #

Vectors are a way to group multiple values into a single value. They are useful for returning multiple values of the same type from a function, or for passing multiple values to a function.

Creating #

Vectors are created by using vec followed by a comma-separated list of expressions in brackets.

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];

Accessing #

Vectors can be accessed using the [] operator, with the index of the value to access.

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];
$b = $a[0]; // 1

Destructuring #

Vectors can be destructured into multiple variables using by assigning them to a tuple.

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];

($b, $c, $d) = $a;

Updating #

Vectors can be updated using the [] operator, with the index of the value to update.

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];

$a[0] = 4;

You can push a value onto the end of a vector using the [] operator.

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];

$a[] = 4;

To remove a value from a vector, use the unset expression.

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];

unset $a[0];

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];

unset($a[0]);

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];

unset ($a[0], $a[1]);

Checking if a value exists #

To check if a value exists in a vector, use the in expression.

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];

if 1 in $a {
    // 1 exists in $a
}

Checking if an index exists #

To check if an index exists in a vector, use the isset expression.

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];

if isset $a[0] {
    // 0 exists in $a
}

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];

if isset($a[0]) {
    // 0 exists in $a
}

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];

if isset ($a[0], $a[1]) {
    // 0 and 1 exist in $a
}

Iterating #

Vectors can be iterated over using the foreach statement.

$a = vec[1, 2, 3];

foreach $a as $value {
    // $value is 1, then 2, then 3
}

foreach $a as $index => $value {
    // $index is 0, then 1, then 2
    // $value is 1, then 2, then 3
}

Dictionary #

Dictionaries are a way to group multiple key-value pairs into a single value. They are useful for returning multiple values of the same type from a function, or for passing multiple values to a function.

Creating #

Dictionaries are created by using dict followed by a comma-separated list of key-value pairs in brackets.

$a = dict["a" => 1, "b" => 2, "c" => 3];

Accessing #

Dictionaries can be accessed using the [] operator, with the key of the value to access.

$a = dict["a" => 1, "b" => 2, "c" => 3];
$b = $a["a"]; // 1

Updating #

Dictionaries can be updated using the [] operator, with the key of the value to update.

$a = dict["a" => 1, "b" => 2, "c" => 3];

$a["a"] = 4;

You can add a value to a dictionary using the [] operator.

$a = dict["a" => 1, "b" => 2, "c" => 3];

$a["d"] = 4;

To remove a value from a dictionary, use the unset expression.

$a = dict["a" => 1, "b" => 2, "c" => 3];

unset $a["a"];

Checking if a value exists #

To check if a value exists in a dictionary, use the in expression.

$a = dict["a" => 1, "b" => 2, "c" => 3];

if 1 in $a {
    // 1 exists in $a
}

Checking if a key exists #

To check if a key exists in a dictionary, use the isset expression.

$a = dict["a" => 1, "b" => 2, "c" => 3];

if isset $a["a"] {
    // "a" exists in $a
}

Iterating #

Dictionaries can be iterated over using the foreach statement.

$a = dict["a" => 1, "b" => 2, "c" => 3];

foreach $a as $key => $value {
    // $key is "a", then "b", then "c"
    // $value is 1, then 2, then 3
}